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  2. Validity (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)

    The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a logical truth and the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. The conclusion is a necessary consequence of its premises. An argument that is not valid is said to be "invalid". An example of a valid (and sound) argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:

  3. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    Being a valid argument does not necessarily mean the conclusion will be true. It is valid because if the premises are true, then the conclusion has to be true. This can be proven for any valid argument form using a truth table which shows that there is no situation in which there are all true premises and a false conclusion. [2]

  4. Curry's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry's_paradox

    Here A, "this sentence is true", refers to the overall sentence, while B is "Germany borders China". So, assuming A is the same as assuming "If A, then B". Therefore, in assuming A, we have assumed both A and "If A, then B". Therefore, B is true, by modus ponens, and we have proven "If this sentence is true, then 'Germany borders China' is true ...

  5. Sentence (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(mathematical_logic)

    A sentence can be viewed as expressing a proposition, something that must be true or false. The restriction of having no free variables is needed to make sure that sentences can have concrete, fixed truth values : as the free variables of a (general) formula can range over several values, the truth value of such a formula may vary.

  6. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

    The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).

  7. Mathematical proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

    The legal term probity means authority or credibility, the power of testimony to prove facts when given by persons of reputation or status. [6] Plausibility arguments using heuristic devices such as pictures and analogies preceded strict mathematical proof. [7]

  8. SSI recipients get January check in December, kicking off ...

    www.aol.com/ssi-recipients-january-check...

    Some Social Security recipients may have gotten an early New Year's Eve bounce in their bank account.. It's not a mistake, it's due to the way the days fall on the benefit program's calendar ...

  9. Trakhtenbrot's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakhtenbrot's_theorem

    This proof is taken from Chapter 10, section 4, 5 of Mathematical Logic by H.-D. Ebbinghaus. As in the most common proof of Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem through using the undecidability of the halting problem, for each Turing machine there is a corresponding arithmetical sentence , effectively derivable from , such that it is true if and only if halts on the empty tape.

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