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  2. Test of Adolescent and Adult Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_Adolescent_and...

    The three-dimensional TOAL-3 test model based on Test of Adolescent and Adult Language, Third Edition (p.4) The TOAL-3 is composed of eight sub-tests examining expressive, receptive, and written capabilities in semantic and syntactic areas. It includes written portions of the sub-tests.

  3. Fountas and Pinnell reading levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountas_and_Pinnell...

    The Ontario Human Rights Commission created a giant meta-report "Right to Read: public inquiry into human rights issues affecting students with reading disabilities", has in part 8 "Curriculum and instruction" devoted to criticizing whole language systems, cueing systems, and also specifically Fountas & Pinnell's balanced literacy in sections ...

  4. Young adult literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult_literature

    YA has been integrated into classrooms to increase student interest in reading. Studies have shown that YA can be beneficial in classroom settings. [103] YA fiction is written for adolescents and some believe it to be more relevant to students' social and emotional needs instead of classic literature. [104] Use of YA in classrooms is linked to ...

  5. Phonological awareness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_awareness

    Awareness of these sounds is demonstrated through a variety of tasks (see below). Available published tests of phonological awareness (for example PhAB2 [7]) are often used by teachers, psychologists and speech therapists to help understand difficulties in this aspect of language and literacy. Although the tasks vary, they share the basic ...

  6. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  7. Reading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading

    Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

  8. Donald Trump speaks at a fourth-grade level, the lowest of ...

    www.aol.com/news/donald-trump-speaks-fourth...

    President Donald Trump connects with the American people by using a language that even a fourth grader could understand, according to a recently published analysis by Factbase on the speech ...

  9. Hyperlexia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlexia

    Hyperlexia is a syndrome characterized by a child's precocious ability to read.It was initially identified by Norman E. Silberberg and Margaret C. Silberberg (1967), who defined it as the precocious ability to read words without prior training in learning to read, typically before the age of five.