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Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
The reaction mechanism of the Stevens rearrangement is one of the most controversial reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. [4] Key in the reaction mechanism [5] [6] for the Stevens rearrangement (explained for the nitrogen reaction) is the formation of an ylide after deprotonation of the ammonium salt by a strong base.
The reaction starts with the formation of a quaternary ammonium iodide salt by treatment of the amine with excess methyl iodide (exhaustive methylation), followed by treatment with silver oxide and water to form a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. When this salt is decomposed by heat, the Hofmann product is preferentially formed due to the steric ...
In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. Menshutkin-reaction. The reaction is the method of choice for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts. [1]
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. [1] [2] Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine ...
In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a compound consisting of exactly four chemical elements. In another use of the term in organic chemistry , a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic ( alkyl and aryl ) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.
It is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH 3) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] +) and chloride anions (Cl −). It is a bifunctional compound, meaning, it contains both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group. The anion of this salt, choline, occurs in nature in living beings. [2]
The Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement (named after M. Sommelet [1] and Charles R. Hauser [2]) is a rearrangement reaction of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts. [3] [4] The reagent is sodium amide or another alkali metal amide and the reaction product a N,N-dialkylbenzylamine with a new alkyl group in the aromatic ortho position.