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The Polish nightmare is known by such names as mara (around Podlachia), zmora (around Kraków). [38] [39] An etymological connection with Marzanna, the name of a demon/goddess of winter has been conjectured. [38] It could be a soul of a person (alive or dead) such as a sinful woman, someone wronged or someone who died without confession.
It is defined by the Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch as a "nature-god or nature-demon, equated with the Fauns of Classical mythology ... regarded as eerie, ferocious beings ... As the mare he messes around with women". [1] Accordingly, the German word Alpdruck (literally 'elf-oppression') means 'nightmare'. There is also evidence associating elves ...
The Nightmare, by Henry Fuseli (1781) is thought to be one of the classic depictions of sleep paralysis perceived as a demonic visitation.. The night hag or old hag is the name given to a supernatural creature, commonly associated with the phenomenon of sleep paralysis.
This is a list of demons that appear in religion, theology, demonology, mythology, and folklore. It is not a list of names of demons, although some are listed by more than one name. The list of demons in fiction includes those from literary fiction with theological aspirations, such as Dante's Inferno.
Satan caused Adam and Eve to disobey God, and humanity subsequently became participants in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. [58] Other angels who sided with Satan became demons. God's subsequent tolerance of evil is explained in part by the value of free will.
On certain nights, demons and ghosts would move in a haunting procession from dusk to dawn, known as the Hyakki yakō or night procession of one hundred demons.* Occasionally, yume no seirei appears in this procession. He appears in the Hyakkai Zukan, "The Illustrated Volume of a Hundred Demons," created by Sawaki Suushi in 1737.
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A nightmare, also known as a bad dream, [1] is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear but also despair, anxiety, disgust or sadness. The dream may contain situations of discomfort, psychological or physical terror, or panic .