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Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558.
Mary Tudor (/ ˈ tj uː d ər / TEW-dər; 18 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) was an English princess who was briefly Queen of France as the third wife of King Louis XII. Louis was more than 30 years her senior.
Mary replied, "So am not I". [4] [5] On 28 October, Mary added a codicil to her will, witnessed by her physician Thomas Wendy and others, which indicated that Elizabeth I would be her successor. [6] [7] The sickbed was attended by an old servant, the chamberer Edith Brediman. [8] The nature of Mary's final illness is uncertain. [9]
Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions.
Bloody Mary is a legend of a ghost, phantom, witch, or spirit conjured to reveal the future. She is said to appear in a mirror when her name is chanted repeatedly. The Bloody Mary apparition may be benevolent or malevolent, depending on historic variations of the legend. Bloody Mary appearances are mostly witnessed in group participation play.
Mary and Philip ended their ceremonial route at St Paul's Cathedral and retired to Westminster Palace. On Tuesday 21 August they rode to Westminster Abbey. As Mary entered the church her train was carried by Elizabeth, Marchioness of Winchester and (according to a manuscript held by the Ashmolean Museum) Anne of Cleves. [126]
Mary had been at Kenninghall in Norfolk and Framlingham in Suffolk. At Ipswich children presented her with a golden heart. [23] She met her sister Princess Elizabeth at Wanstead. [24] Elizabeth had arrived in London on 29 August, with a large and armed household and retinue. [25] Mary rode into London on 3 August 1553, in procession. [26]
Charles Dickens stated that "as bloody Queen Mary this woman has become famous, and as Bloody Queen Mary she will ever be remembered with horror and detestation". [ 29 ] Mary's dream of a new, Catholic Habsburg line was finished, and her popularity further declined when she lost Calais — the last English territory on French soil — to ...