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Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 October 1925, at 47 Serrano Street in the Santos Suárez neighborhood of Havana, Cuba. [10] [3] [11] Her father, Simón Cruz, was a railway stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife of Haitian descent who took care of an extended family. [3]
Cuban musicologist Mayra Martínez wrote that "the term salsa obscured the Cuban base, the music's history or part of its history in Cuba. And salsa was a way to do this so that Jerry Masucci, Fania and other record companies, like CBS, could have a hegemony on the music and keep the Cuban musicians from spreading their music abroad."
In Cuba, a popular dance known as Casino was marketed abroad as Cuban-style salsa or Salsa Cubana to distinguish it from other salsa styles when the name was popularized in the 1970s. Dancing Casino is an expression of popular social culture in Cuba and many Cubans consider casino a part of their social and cultural activities centering on ...
After the Cuban Revolution separated Cuba from the U.S., son, mambo and rumba, along with other forms of Afro-Cuban music contributed to the development of salsa music, initially in New York. [ 36 ] The mass popularization of son music led to an increased valorization of Afro-Cuban street culture and of the artists who created it.
Arsenio Rodríguez (born Ignacio Arsenio Travieso Scull; August 31, 1911 – December 30, 1970) [2] [3] was a Cuban musician, composer and bandleader. He played the tres, as well as the tumbadora, and he specialized in son, rumba and other Afro-Cuban music styles.
There were few professional musicians at the time, and fewer still of their songs survive. One of the earliest is Ma Teodora, supposed to be related to a freed slave, Teodora Ginés of Santiago de Cuba, who was famous for her compositions. The piece is said to be similar to 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century Spanish popular songs and dances.
The genre was introduced by La Palabra, a Cuban musician, in the mid-1980s. It arose at a time when classic salsa, popularized by Fania Records, was growing on the Latin record charts, including the rise of Latin pop. Salsa romántica was an adaptation of melodic love songs to a smooth, light salsa backing.
As of 2025, 367 Latin songs have entered the Hot 100 chart, 1 in the 1950s, 1 in the 1960s, 2 in the 1970s, 1 in the 1980s, 5 in the 1990s, 36 in the 2000s, 80 in the 2010s and 241 in the 2020s. A total of 25 singles managed to reach the top 10 and 4 have peaked at number 1. Only 5 Latin songs reached the top 10 between 1958 and 2016.