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Henderson’s work is considered a nursing theory because it contains a definition of nursing, a nurse’s role and function, and basic needs of nursing care. She focuses on patient care to help patients reach a level of independence and supports her definition with the 14 components of basic nursing care (George, 2002).
Henderson’s Background and Theory Development. Virginia Henderson, born in 1897, was a world renowned Nurse educator, researcher and author of many nursing textbooks whose career spanned 60 years; considered by many as the modern day Florence Nightingale (Masters, 2015).
The first of the grand theorists for review is Virginia Henderson, a needs therapist and her theory of Activities of Living. Her theory identified 14 components that are needed in daily life to assure health and the possibility to regain health and/or independence (Nursing, 2019). She identified normal activities such as breathing, moving ...
Virginia Avernal Henderson was born in Kansas City Missouri on November 30, 1897. She was the fifth of eight children born to Daniel B and Lucy Minor Henderson (McBride, 1996). She was named after her mother’s home state of Virginia and was later educated there at a boys’ school run by her grandfather (Thomas).
Abdellah’s theory utilized Virginia Henderson’s 14 basic human needs to create her 21 nursing problems theory list (Alligood, 2014). Abdellah and her colleagues also composed a list of 10 steps of how to identify nursing problems and 11 nursing skills nursing needs to be able to identify those problems (Petiprin, 2016).
Nursing theory is key in the practice of nurses and advanced practice nurses because it serves as a guide to assessment, intervention, and evaluation of care. Theory provides a measurable way to evaluate the quality of nursing care (Colley, 2003). According to Meleis, there are many beneficial uses of nursing theory.
Three popular nursing theorists are Florence Nightingale, Jean Watson, and Dorothea Orem. Florence Nightingale published, “Notes on Nursing: What it is, What is not,” in 1860. These notes became the true basis of nursing research and practice. Between 1975 and 1979, Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring.
SCDNT “is the extension of [Virginia] Henderson’s concept of nursing and seems to incorporate a medical perspective” (Hanucharurnkul, 1989). Orem, like Henderson is considered a needs based theorist. The overall theory is derived from three integral concepts: theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing systems.
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The holistic nursing theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling is categorized as a middle-range theory and paradigm. Inspiration was taken from personal experiences of the theorists as well as from the works of Erik Erikson, Maslow, Milton H. Erickson, Piaget, Selye, and Engel to develop a holistic theory for nursing practice. (Alligood, 2018, p. 400).