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The normal concentration range of uric acid (or hydrogen urate ion) in human blood is 25 to 80 mg/L for men and 15 to 60 mg/L for women [17] (but see below for slightly different values). An individual can have serum values as high as 96 mg/L and not have gout. [18]
Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists largely as urate, the ion form. [1] [2] Serum uric acid concentrations greater than 6 mg/dL for females, 7 mg/dL for males, and 5.5 mg/dL for youth (under 18 years old) are defined as hyperuricemia. [3]
Hypouricemia or hypouricaemia is a level of uric acid in blood serum that is below normal. In humans, the normal range of this blood component has a lower threshold set variously in the range of 2 mg/dL to 4 mg/dL, while the upper threshold is 530 μmol/L (6 mg/dL) for women and 619 μmol/L (7 mg/dL) for men. [1]
Arms and hands of a 50-year-old man, showing large tophi of sodium urate affecting the elbow, knuckles, and finger joints. The crystallization of uric acid, often related to relatively high levels in the blood, is the underlying cause of gout. This can occur because of diet, genetic predisposition, or underexcretion of urate, the salts of uric ...
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine.Protein toxicity has many causes, including urea cycle disorders, genetic mutations, excessive protein intake, and insufficient kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.
Fat in the body helps make the sex hormone oestrogen. "If the sport is affecting body fat content, then quite clearly there's an effect on oestrogen levels," she says.
Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of hydration, interactions with drugs, compounds and pigments or dyes found in food, or diseases. [8] Normally, urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber, but is usually a pale yellow. [ 8 ]
Ruth B. Bottigheimer catalogued this and other disparities between the 1810 and 1812 versions of the Grimms' fairy tale collections in her book, Grimms' Bad Girls And Bold Boys: The Moral And Social Vision of the Tales. Of the "Rumplestiltskin" switch, she wrote, "although the motifs remain the same, motivations reverse, and the tale no longer ...