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Ischemic colitis must be differentiated from the many other causes of abdominal pain and rectal bleeding (for example, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or colon cancer). It is also important to differentiate ischemic colitis, which often resolves on its own, from the more immediately life-threatening condition of acute ...
Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...
CT scan showing extensive diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon Diverticular disease Whole slide of a transverse section of the left colon with diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. [22] In people without symptoms, these are usually found incidentally during other investigations.
In North America and Europe the abdominal pain is usually on the left lower side (sigmoid colon), while in Asia it is usually on the right (ascending colon). [2] [8] The disease becomes more frequent with age, ranging from 5% for those under 40 years of age to 50% over the age of 60. [9] [1] It has also become more common in all parts of the ...
Also, patients may be too embarrassed to discuss their exact problems, especially with regards symptoms like digitation. [12] The two key features of obstructed defecation are: An inability to voluntarily evacuate rectal contents. [33] Normal colonic transit time, but delayed transit in the rectum and sigmoid colon. [2]
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
The disease is classified by the extent of involvement, depending on how far the disease extends: [14] proctitis (rectal inflammation), left sided colitis (inflammation extending to descending colon), and extensive colitis (inflammation proximal to the descending colon). [19] Proctosigmoiditis describes inflammation of the rectum and sigmoid colon.
Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction [ 1 ] and constipation . It is common in Asia, India (7% of intestinal obstruction ) and especially South India because of the high fibre diet.
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