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Histologically, these cells are classified as pseudostratified columnar cells. [ 1 ] After recruitment from the ectoderm, the neuroectoderm undergoes three stages of development: transformation into the neural plate , transformation into the neural groove (with associated neural folds ), and transformation into the neural tube .
Development of the neural tube. During the third week of embryonic growth, the brain begins to develop in the early fetus in a process called morphogenesis. [2] Neuroepithelial cells of the ectoderm begin multiplying rapidly and fold in forming the neural plate, which invaginates during the fourth week of embryonic growth and forms the neural ...
The neural tube develops in two ways: primary neurulation and secondary neurulation. Primary neurulation divides the ectoderm into three cell types: The internally located neural tube; The externally located epidermis; The neural crest cells, which develop in the region between the neural tube and epidermis but then migrate to new locations
An action potential (or nerve impulse) is a transient alteration of the transmembrane voltage (or membrane potential) across the membrane in an excitable cell generated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in the membrane. The best known action potentials are pulse-like waves that travel along the axons of neurons. Membrane ...
The neural tube cells give rise to the central nervous system, neural crest cells give rise to the peripheral and enteric nervous system, melanocytes, and facial cartilage, and the epidermal region will give rise to the epidermis, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, olfactory and oral epithelium, and eyes.
Structure of a neurotubule. Neurotubules are microtubules found in neurons in nervous tissues. [1] Along with neurofilaments and microfilaments, they form the cytoskeleton of neurons. Neurotubules are undivided hollow cylinders that are made up of tubulin protein polymers [2] and arrays parallel to the plasma membrane in neurons. [3]
At this point, morphologies such as columnar epithelial cells, pseudo-stratified cells, and apically narrow wedge-shaped cells can be observed. [13] The inner layer of the optic cup is made of neuroepithelium (neural retina), while the outer layer is composed of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
The early neural tube is primarily composed of the germinal neuroepithelium, later called the ventricular zone, which contains primary neural stem cells called radial glial cells and serves as the main source of neurons produced during brain development through the process of neurogenesis.