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The pyloromyotomy is primarily indicated by the presence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. [5] [1] Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis is a gastrointestinal tract defect, most commonly seen in young children, typically in the first few months of life, caused by enlargement of the tissue in the pyloric muscle.
Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus). [1] Symptoms include projectile vomiting without the presence of bile . [ 1 ] This most often occurs after the baby is fed. [ 1 ]
Gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, diabetes, esophageal surgery, absent or inefficient pyloric sphincter, pyloric stenosis Dumping syndrome occurs when food, especially sugar, moves too quickly from the stomach to the duodenum —the first part of the small intestine—in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract .
Myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a muscle to relieve constriction, often performed in the gastrointestinal or urological systems. The procedure can alleviate symptoms caused by muscle-related functional obstructions, particularly in cases of achalasia, a disorder that affects the esophagus.
In children, congenital pyloric stenosis / congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may be a cause. A pancreatic pseudocyst can cause gastric compression. Pyloric mucosal diaphragm could be a rare cause. Malignant Tumours of the stomach, including adenocarcinoma (and its linitis plastica variant), lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Infant is usually well at birth, and pyloric stenosis usually presents at 3–6 weeks of age [30] Toxins causing gastrointestinal problems Toxins such as lead can cause decreased appetite, constipation, or abdominal pain [3] Gastrointestinal problems and discomfort can lead to decreased appetite or refusal to eat [3]
Superior mesenteric artery compressing the duodenum, featuring the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying superior mesenteric artery.
Such conditions may include malignant bowel obstruction, [12] hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and gastritis. Pathological conditions in other organs which are linked to the above named emetic pathways may also lead to nausea and vomiting, such as the myocardial infarction (through stimulation of cardiac vagal afferents) and kidney failure. [23]