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It is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines [66] as an alternative to insulin glargine. In 2022, it was the 138th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. [27] [126] Insulin Degludec is currently only produced by Novo Nordisk under the name Tresiba. [122]
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
While the treatment of hypoglycemia is typically managed with carbohydrate consumption, glucagon injection, or dextrose administration, there are some other treatments available. [3] Medications like diazoxide and octreotide decrease insulin levels, increasing blood glucose levels. [3]
In diabetics, hypoglycemia can occur as a result of too much insulin or antidiabetic medication, insufficient food intake, or sudden increase in physical activity or exercise. The most common glucose-elevating agents used to treat diabetic hypoglycemia are glucose (in the form of tablets or liquid) and glucagon injections when severe ...
Side effects include weight gain and hypoglycemia. While the potential for hypoglycemia is less than for those on sulfonylureas, [citation needed] it is still a serious potential side effect that can be life-threatening. Patients on this medication should know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and appropriate management.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose ).
It is also conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via a gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29., The most common side effects include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea., Insulins that are used mostly in humans are sometimes also used in animals such as cats and dogs., and Lente insulin is ...
The medication most commonly may cause stomach upset and symptoms such as diarrhea but in general is well tolerated and has a relatively low chance of causing hypoglycemia. [35] One rare (about 1% chance) but serious side affect of metformin is that it can cause lactic acidosis, usually in patients with poor kidney function . [ 35 ]
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