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The effective temperature of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation. [1] [2] Effective temperature is often used as an estimate of a body's surface temperature when the body's emissivity curve (as a function of wavelength) is not known.
[13] [14] Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), [14] but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) [15] due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. [5] [4] The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the ...
For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F). List ... Measured effective temperature.
Such temperatures include the planetary equilibrium temperature, equivalent blackbody temperature [18] or effective radiation emission temperature of the planet. [19] For a planet with an atmosphere, these temperatures can be different than the mean surface temperature, which may be measured as the global-mean surface air temperature , [ 20 ...
This approximation reduces the temperature by a factor of 0.7 1/4, giving 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F). [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The above temperature is Earth's as seen from space, not ground temperature but an average over all emitting bodies of Earth from surface to high altitude.
A less extreme example is eccentricity in a terrestrial exoplanet's orbit. If the rocky planet orbits a dim red dwarf star, slight eccentricities can lead to effective temperature variations large enough to collapse the planet's atmosphere, given the right atmospheric compositions, temperatures, and pressures. [21]
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Such a blanket would raise the effective temperature of the planet by a factor of (8/3) 1/4 = 1.278 over what it would attain if allowed to radiate in all directions. Some of Seager's planets orbit their parent star so closely as to make them as hot as a brown dwarf star.