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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history.
1643 – Evangelista Torricelli provides a relation between the speed of fluid flowing from an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening, given by Torricelli's law. He also builds a mercury barometer and does a series of experiments on vacuum. [1] 1650 – Otto von Guericke invents the first vacuum pump. [1]
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. [ 1 ] : 3 It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical , aerospace , civil , chemical , and biomedical engineering , as well as geophysics , oceanography , meteorology , astrophysics ...
Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point (as in dye tracing) extends along a streakline. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. These can be thought of as ...
It is a sub-field of fluid and gas dynamics, and the term "aerodynamics" is often used when referring to fluid dynamics. Early records of fundamental aerodynamic concepts date back to the work of Aristotle and Archimedes in the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, but efforts to develop a quantitative theory of airflow did not begin until the 18th century.
Osborne Reynolds FRS (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born [1] [2] [3] British [4] innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics.Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design.
The history of perpetual motion machines dates at least back to the Middle Ages. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motion devices were possible or not, but modern theories of thermodynamics have shown that they are impossible. Despite this, many attempts have been made to construct such machines, continuing into modern times.
All teachers of fluid mechanics should have a copy of this 'album' and should use it first to enlarge their own understanding and then that of their students. – G. K. Batchelor, Journal of Fluid Mechanics; This compilation, aptly entitled an "album" ... is a remarkable and magnificent achievement. – Charles Thurlow III, Chemical Engineering