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  2. Arteriole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriole

    An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. [ 1 ] Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells ) and are the primary site of vascular resistance .

  3. Blood vessel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

    Arterioles; Capillaries (smallest type of blood vessels) Venules; Veins. Large collecting vessels, such as the subclavian vein, the jugular vein, the renal vein and the iliac vein. Venae cavae (the two largest veins, carry blood into the heart). Sinusoids. Extremely small vessels located within bone marrow, the spleen and the liver.

  4. Afferent arterioles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_arterioles

    When renal blood flow is reduced (indicating hypotension) or there is a decrease in sodium or chloride ion concentration, the macula densa of the distal tubule releases prostaglandins (mainly PGI2 and PGE2) and nitric oxide, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure ...

  5. Microcirculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcirculation

    Metarterioles connect arterioles and capillaries. A tributary to the venules is known as a thoroughfare channel. [citation needed] The microcirculation has three major components: pre-capillary, capillary, and post-capillary. In the pre-capillary sector, arterioles, and precapillary sphincters participate. Their function is to regulate blood ...

  6. Artery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery

    The arterioles supply capillaries, which in turn empty into venules. The first branches off of the aorta are the coronary arteries , which supply blood to the heart muscle itself. These are followed by the branches of the aortic arch, namely the brachiocephalic artery , the left common carotid , and the left subclavian arteries.

  7. Vasodilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

    Normal blood vessel (left) vs. vasodilation (right) Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels. [1] It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles. [2]

  8. Tunica intima - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunica_intima

    The structure of the tunica intima depends on the blood vessel type. [3] Elastic arteries – A single layer of endothelial and a supporting layer of elastin-rich collagen. The layer also contains fibroblasts, immune cells and smooth muscle cells. [1] Muscular arteries – Endothelial cells Arterioles – A single layer of endothelial cells

  9. Myogenic mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenic_mechanism

    The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel.Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.