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  2. Natural material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_material

    A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground which is not man-made. [1] [2] Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category.

  3. Food processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing

    Industrial cheese production. Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms.Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods.

  4. Functionally graded material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionally_graded_material

    Segmented functionally graded material. In materials science Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material.

  5. Raw material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_material

    Sulfur at harbor in North Vancouver, British Columbia, ready to be loaded onto a ship Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree. A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products.

  6. Bill of materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_materials

    An example of a BOM for a mechanical assembly (in German) A bill of materials or product structure (sometimes bill of material, BOM or associated list) is a list of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture an end product.

  7. Materials science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

    A diamond cuboctahedron showing seven crystallographic planes, imaged with scanning electron microscopy Six classes of conventional engineering materials. Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials.

  8. Chemical industry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industry

    Oil refinery in Louisiana - an example of chemical industry. The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals.

  9. Urea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea

    The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.