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Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
For organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a ...
Because formaldehyde (n=1) and glycolaldehyde (n=2) are not generally considered to be carbohydrates, [1] the simplest possible aldose is the triose glyceraldehyde, which only contains three carbon atoms. [2] Because they have at least one asymmetric carbon center, all aldoses exhibit stereoisomerism. Aldoses can exist in either a D - form or L ...
The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [3] [4] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like ...
An enal (or alkenal) is an organic compound containing both alkene and aldehyde functional groups. In an α,β-unsaturated enal, the alkene is conjugated to the carbonyl group of the aldehyde (formyl group). [3] The simplest enal is acrolein (CH 2 =CHCHO). Other examples include cis-3-hexenal (essence of mowed lawns) and cinnamaldehyde (essence ...
The α-carbon (alpha-carbon) refers to the first carbon atom that attaches to a functional group, such as a carbonyl. The second carbon atom is called the β-carbon ( beta -carbon), the third is the γ-carbon ( gamma -carbon), and the naming system continues in alphabetical order.
The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them. [2] [3] [4] The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.
Aldol reactions may proceed by two distinct mechanisms. Carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones, can be converted to enols or enol ethers. These species, being nucleophilic at the α-carbon, can attack especially reactive protonated carbonyls such as protonated aldehydes. This is the 'enol mechanism'.