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Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore. The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [1]
Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
The chemical reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner equation", follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 Na[Au(CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. Potassium cyanide and calcium cyanide are sometimes used in place of sodium cyanide. Gold is one of the few metals that dissolves in the presence of cyanide ions and oxygen.
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In contrast to the use of mercury (which relies on amalgamation of the gold to coalesce it and separate it from impurities) this method relies on borax's ability to lower all the minerals' melting points. Since the gold is usually the heaviest of these minerals, it allows for concentrating the gold on the bottom of the crucible.
Originally, an urban mine is the stockpile of rare metals in the discarded waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) of a society. [4] Urban mining is the process of recovering these rare metals through mechanical and chemical treatments. In 1997, recycled gold accounted for approximately 20% of the 2700 tons of gold supplied to the ...
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...