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Abdominal wall defects are a type of congenital defect that allows the stomach, the intestines, or other organs to protrude through an unusual opening that forms on the abdomen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] During the development of the fetus, many unexpected changes occur inside the womb.
Sternal defects too have a range of presentations, from absence of the xiphoid process to shortened or cleft sternum. If the sternal defect is large enough, the neonate may have ectopia cordis, in which the heart is located outside of the thorax. [2] Many congenital heart malformations have been described in conjunction with pentalogy of Cantrell.
Bochdalek hernia is one of two forms of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the other form being Morgagni hernia.A Bochdalek hernia is a congenital abnormality in which an opening exists in the infant's diaphragm, allowing normally intra-abdominal organs (particularly the stomach and intestines) to enter into the thoracic cavity.
The latter is of a stronger hold and is commonly used for larger defects in the abdominal wall. Most surgeons will not repair the hernia until 5–6 years after the baby is born. Most umbilical hernias in infants and children close spontaneously and rarely have complications of gastrointestinal-content incarcerations. [10]
Abdominal wall defects: thoracoschisis and/or abdominoschisis; Limb defects; As a component of the abdominal wall defect, the umbilical cord is shortened or absent with the fetus being directly attached to the placenta, a key feature in its prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound. [3] Several systems have been proposed to classify LBWC cases ...
Symptoms and signs vary depending on the type of hernia. By far the most common hernias develop in the abdomen when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which adipose tissue, or abdominal organs covered with peritoneum, may protrude.
However, in gastroschisis and other anterior body wall defects, this fails to occur due to either one or both of the lateral body wall folds not moving properly to meet with the other and fuse. [10] This incomplete fusion results in a defect that allows abdominal organs to protrude through the abdominal wall, and the intestines typically ...
An omphalocele or omphalocoele, also known as an exomphalos, is a rare abdominal wall defect. [1] Beginning at the 6th week of development, rapid elongation of the gut and increased liver size reduces intra abdominal space, which pushes intestinal loops out of the abdominal cavity.