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In later times, Gregory VII became an exemplar of papal supremacy, and his memory was invoked both positively and negatively, reflecting later writers' attitude to the Catholic Church and the papacy. Beno of Santi Martino e Silvestro, who opposed Gregory VII in the Investiture Controversy, accused him of necromancy, cruelty, tyranny, and blasphemy.
The term "Gregorian Reform" is widely used but somewhat misleading (a possible source of confusion), as Gregory VII was an important, but not the sole, pope to make reforms in this period. Please help clarify the article. There might be a discussion about this on the talk page. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Widowed before his election as pope Yes Himself the son of a priest, Felix fathered two children, one of whom was subsequently the mother of Pope Gregory the Great (making the latter his grandson). [11] Hormisdas: 514–523 Widowed before he took holy orders Yes Father of Pope Silverius. [12] Adrian II: 867–872
Pope Gregory V (996–999) Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046) Antipope Gregory VI; Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085), after whom the Gregorian Reform is named; Pope Gregory VIII (1187) Antipope Gregory VIII; Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241) Pope Gregory X (1271–1276) Pope Gregory XI (1370–1378) Pope Gregory XII (1406–1415) Pope Gregory XIII (1572 ...
In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II. 158 24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (1 year, 115 days) Bl. Victor III VICTOR Tertius: Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto O.S.B. c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento: 60 / 61 Born as a subject of the Duchy of Benevento, was of Lombard ethnicity.
Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077. In 1075, Pope Gregory VII composed the Dictatus papae, though this was not published at the time, cataloging principles of his Gregorian Reforms. One clause asserted that the pope held the exclusive power to depose an emperor. [5]
The papal bull "In nomine Domini" written by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, reformed the papal election process and only permitted cardinal-bishops to elect a new Pope, with the consent of minor clergy. In April 1073 there were four, the available data indicate that only two were present in Rome at the time of Alexander II's death:
Establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope. [2] 1079 Libertas ecclesiae ("The liberty of the Church") Gregory VII: About Church's independence from imperial authority and interference. 1079 Antiqua sanctorum patrum ("The old (traces of the) holy fathers") Granted the church of Lyon primacy over the churches of Gaul. 1095 ...