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The Free Imperial City of Aachen, also known in English by its French name of Aix-la-Chapelle and today known simply as Aachen, was a Free Imperial City and spa of the Holy Roman Empire west of Cologne [1] and southeast of the Low Countries, in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. [2]
location of Aachen in the Meuse (Dutch and German: Maas) river system (Wurm→ Rur→ Meuse→ North Sea)Aachen (/ ˈ ɑː k ən / ⓘ AH-kən, German: ⓘ; Aachen dialect: Oche; Dutch: Aken [ˈaːkə(n)] ⓘ; French: Aix-la-Chapelle; [a] Latin: Aquae Granni or Aquisgranum) is the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants.
The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen). The department was subdivided in the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812): [1] Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), cantons: Aachen (2 cantons), Burtscheid, Düren, Eschweiler, Froitzheim, Geilenkirchen, Gemünd, Heinsberg, Linnich, Monschau and Sittard.
The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, sometimes called the Treaty of Aachen, ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen. The two main antagonists in the war, Britain and France, opened peace talks in the Dutch city of Breda in 1746.
Félix Kreush, « La Chapelle palatine de Charlemagne à Aix », dans Les Dossiers d'archéologie, n°30, 1978, pages 14–23. Pierre Riché, La Vie quotidienne dans l’Empire carolingien, Paris, Hachette, 1973; Pierre Riché, Les Carolingiens. Une famille qui fit l’Europe, Paris, Hachette, 1983, ISBN 2-01-019638-4.
The 1818 Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle formed the Quintuple Alliance by adding France to the Quadruple Alliance, which had comprised the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, and Russia. [17] The ability for this to happen was given by Article V of the Quadruple Alliance, and resulted in ending the occupation of France. [18]
Negotiations between Britain and France had been taking place at Breda since June 1746; the terms they agreed were then imposed on the other parties at Aix-la-Chapelle. Despite their victories in Flanders, French Finance Minister Machault repeatedly warned of the impending collapse of their financial system.
Aachen Cathedral (German: Aachener Dom) is a Catholic church in Aachen, Germany and the cathedral of the Diocese of Aachen.. One of the oldest cathedral buildings in Europe, it was constructed as the royal chapel of the Palace of Aachen of Emperor Charlemagne, who was buried there in 814.