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Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]
Middle childhood/preadolescence or ages 6–12 universally mark a distinctive period between major developmental transition points. [2] Adolescence is the stage of life that typically starts around the major onset of puberty, with markers such as menarche and spermarche, typically occurring at 12–14 years of age. [3]
Emotional development. Responds to parents' comforting when upset. [21] Becomes alert upon hearing pleasant sounds. [21] Cognitive skills. Stares at objects, particularly brightly colored ones, when placed in front of face. [21] Able to follow faces. [21] Sensory development. Focuses on things about 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) away. [22]
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Developmental Age, determined by calculating the results of the GDO-R, is an age in years and half-years that best describes a child's behavior and performance on a developmental scale. It may be equal to, older, or younger than the child's actual chronological age. It encompasses a child's social, emotional, intellectual and physical make up.
Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory describes four major stages from birth through puberty, the last of which starts at 12 years and has no terminating age: [11] Sensorimotor: (birth to 2 years), Preoperations: (2 to 7 years), Concrete operations: (7 to 11 years), and Formal Operations: (from 12 years). Each stage has at least two ...
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) divides Middle Childhood into two stages, 6–8 years and 9–11 years, and gives "developmental milestones for each stage". [119] [120] Middle Childhood (6–8). Entering elementary school, children in this age group begin to thinks about the future and their "place in the world".
The development of courage and independence are what set preschoolers, ages three to six years of age, apart from other age groups. Young children in this category face the psychological crisis of initiative versus guilt. This includes learning how to face complexities of planning and developing a sense of judgment. [20]