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The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. [2] The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural networks in the core of the brainstem. [3]
The gigantocellular reticular nucleus (also magnocellular reticular nucleus) is the (efferent/motor) medial zone of the reticular formation of the caudal pons and rostral medulla oblongata. It consists of a substantial number of giant neurons, but also contains small and medium sized neurons. [1]
The nucleus ambiguus ("ambiguous nucleus" in English) is a group of large motor neurons, situated deep in the medullary part of the reticular formation named by Jacob Clarke. [1] The nucleus ambiguus contains the cell bodies of neurons that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are associated with speech and ...
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre . [ 1 ] It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus . [ 2 ]
The tract is bilateral: its fibers ascend predominately ipsilaterally, but a minority decussate in the anterior white commissure to ascend contralaterally. Second-order axons of this tract terminate by forming multiple synapses in the nuclei of the medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation.
The tegmentum area includes various different structures, such as the rostral end of the reticular formation, several nuclei controlling eye movements, the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area. [3] The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and ...
The solitary nucleus (SN) (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii) is a series of neurons whose cell bodies form a roughly vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. Their axons form the bulk of the enclosed solitary tract. The solitary nucleus can be divided into different ...
The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. It projects to the vermis in the anterior lobe, the pyramis and the uvula.