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The servicemen executed by firing squad during World War I The Shot at Dawn Memorial is a monument at the National Memorial Arboretum near Alrewas , in Staffordshire , England. It commemorates the 306 British Army and Commonwealth soldiers executed after courts-martial for desertion and other capital offences during World War I .
Private Harry T. Farr (1891 – 18 October 1916) was a British soldier who was executed by firing squad during World War I for cowardice at the age of 25. Before the war, he lived in Kensington, London and joined the British Army in 1908. He served until 1912 and remained in the reserves until the outbreak of World War I.
A total of 26 Canadian soldiers were executed for military offences during the two world wars. 25 occurred during World War I for charges such as desertion or cowardice: 23 were posthumously pardoned on 16 August 2006, while the remaining two men were executed for murder and would have been executed under civilian law.
The first four of these executions, those of Bernard John O'Brien, Chastine Beverly, Louis M. Suttles and James L. Riggins, were carried out by military officials at the Kansas State Penitentiary near Lansing, Kansas. The remaining six executions took place in the boiler room of the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Cowardice is a characteristic wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the opposite of courage . As a label, "cowardice" indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge.
Shot at Dawn: Executions in World War One by Authority of the British Army Act. Barnsley: Pen & Sword ISBN 978-0-85052-613-4; Public Record Office, London, Judge Advocate General's Register. Archives New Zealand, BRAITHWAITE, Jack - WW1 24/1521 - Army, Ref: AABK 18805 W5520/110. New Zealand Pardon for Soldiers of the Great War Act 2000
Of these executions, 157 were carried out by the United States Army, including members of the United States Army Air Forces prior to September 1947. After becoming independent of the U.S. Army on September 18, 1947, the United States Air Force conducted the three remaining executions, one in 1950 and two in 1954.
The memorial to the four executed corporals at Sartilly, in Normandy The Souain corporals affair ( [swɛ̃] ; French : Affaire des caporaux de Souain ) was an incident where four corporals in the French Army were shot by firing squad as an example to the rest of their companies during the First World War .