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Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...
In physics, the thermal equation of state is a mathematical expression of pressure P, temperature T, and, volume V.The thermal equation of state for ideal gases is the ideal gas law, expressed as PV=nRT (where R is the gas constant and n the amount of substance), while the thermal equation of state for solids is expressed as:
For the special case of a gas to which Boyle's law [4] applies, the product pV (p for gas pressure and V for gas volume) is a constant if the gas is kept at isothermal conditions. The value of the constant is nRT, where n is the number of moles of the present gas and R is the ideal gas constant. In other words, the ideal gas law pV = nRT ...
For example, the ideal gas law in terms of the Boltzmann constant is: P V = N k B T , {\displaystyle PV=Nk_{\rm {B}}T,} where N is the number of particles (molecules in this case), or to generalize to an inhomogeneous system the local form holds:
Some specific values of n correspond to particular cases: = for an isobaric process, = + for an isochoric process. In addition, when the ideal gas law applies: = for an isothermal process,
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Application examples [ edit ] If one sets out to determine the specific volume of an ideal gas, such as super heated steam, using the equation ν = RT / P , where pressure is 2500 lbf/in 2 , R is 0.596, temperature is 1960 °R .
PV=nRT [1] Gibbs's free energy formula. Good Honey Tastes Sweet": (delta)G = H - T(delta)S. [2] Electrodynamics. Ohm's Law Virgins Are Rare": Volts = Amps x ...