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Hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel, also known as classical jump, is a natural phenomenon that occurs whenever flow changes from supercritical to subcritical flow. In this transition, the water surface rises abruptly, surface rollers are formed, intense mixing occurs, air is entrained, and often a large amount of energy is dissipated.
In the mild reach, the hydraulic jump occurs downstream of the gate, but in the steep reach, the hydraulic jump occurs upstream of the gate. It is important to note that the gradually varied flow equations and associated numerical methods (including the standard step method) cannot accurately model the dynamics of a hydraulic jump. [6]
Hydraulic jump characteristics [7] [8] [13] [15] Amount upstream flow is supercritical (i.e., prejump Froude Number) Ratio of height after to height before jump Descriptive characteristics of jump Fraction of energy dissipated by jump [11] ≤ 1.0: 1.0: No jump; flow must be supercritical for jump to occur: none 1.0–1.7: 1.0–2.0: Standing ...
Note that subcritical and supercritical describe the stability of the outer lines of the pitchfork (dashed or solid, respectively) and are not dependent on which direction the pitchfork faces. For example, the negative of the first ODE above, x ˙ = x 3 − r x {\displaystyle {\dot {x}}=x^{3}-rx} , faces the same direction as the first picture ...
The coefficient, 3.1 varies for different entrance conditions. The value of the coefficient is slightly higher if the conveyance channel has a greater width than the inlet. The value 3.1 is based on the assumption that H e and v a are measured at a location that exhibits subcritical flow conditions.
The shallow-water equations in unidirectional form are also called (de) Saint-Venant equations, after Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant (see the related section below). The equations are derived [ 2 ] from depth-integrating the Navier–Stokes equations , in the case where the horizontal length scale is much greater than the vertical ...
View Recipe. This potato and kale hash recipe is just as fun to make as it is to eat. After the potatoes and kale are roasted, the hash is formed into 4 individual "nests" that are finished with ...
Rotordynamics (or rotor dynamics) is a specialized branch of applied mechanics concerned with the behavior and diagnosis of rotating structures. It is commonly used to analyze the behavior of structures ranging from jet engines and steam turbines to auto engines and computer disk storage.