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Structure of a G-quadruplex. Left: a G-tetrad. Right: an intramolecular G4 complex. [1]: fig1 In molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures (G4) are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are rich in guanine. [2] They are helical in shape and contain guanine tetrads that can form from one, [3] two [4] or four strands. [5]
Other notable deoxyribozyme ribonucleases are those that are highly selective for a certain cofactor. Among this group are the metal selective deoxyribozymes such as Pb 2+-specific 17E, [17] UO 2 2+-specific 39E, [18] and Na +-specific A43. [19] First crystal structure of a DNAzyme was reported in 2016.
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. All Ras protein family members belong to a class of protein called small GTPase, and are involved in transmitting signals within cells (cellular signal transduction).
Dz13 is a 10-23 DNAzyme that targets c-Jun, a transcription factor found in diseased blood vessels, eyes, lungs and joints.The treatment works by the DNA-based enzyme binding to and catalytically destroying its target messenger RNA, thereby inhibiting c-Jun expression in cells. [1]
2-DG has been used as a targeted optical imaging agent for fluorescent in vivo imaging. [12] [13] In clinical medical imaging (PET scanning), fluorodeoxyglucose is used, where one of the 2-hydrogens of 2-deoxy-D-glucose is replaced with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine-18, which emits paired gamma rays, allowing distribution of the tracer to be imaged by external gamma camera(s).
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases .