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Much of an earthquake's total energy as measured by M w is dissipated as friction (resulting in heating of the crust). [52] An earthquake's potential to cause strong ground shaking depends on the comparatively small fraction of energy radiated as seismic waves, and is better measured on the energy magnitude scale, M e. [53]
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS) measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location. This is in contrast with the seismic magnitude usually reported for an earthquake. Magnitude scales measure the inherent force or strength of an earthquake – an event occurring at greater or lesser depth. (The "M w" scale is ...
Millions of minor earthquakes occur every year worldwide, equating to hundreds every hour every day. [15] On the other hand, earthquakes of magnitude ≥8.0 occur about once a year, on average. [15] The largest recorded earthquake was the Great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, which had a magnitude of 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale. [16]
In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes can occur naturally or be induced by human activities, such as mining, fracking, and nuclear tests. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocenter or focus, while the ground level directly above it is the epicenter.
On 3 April 2024, at 07:58:11 NST (23:58:11 UTC on 2 April), a M w 7.4 earthquake struck 15 km (9.3 mi) [5] south of Hualien City, Hualien County, Taiwan. At least 18 people were killed and over 1,100 were injured in the earthquake. It is the strongest earthquake in Taiwan since the 1999 Jiji earthquake, [6] with three aftershocks above M w 6.0.
Light damage to older buildings with low earthquake resistance. Light damage possible to earthquake-resistant buildings. Unaffected 0.08–0.25 m/s 2: III–IV 4 3.5–4.4 Most people are frightened by the shaking. Some seek escape. Most sleepers are awoken. Hanging objects swing and dishes inside cupboards rattle. Unsecured objects topple over.
October 15, 2020, an earthquake swarm occurred on the island of Panay ranging from magnitudes 2.5-4.5. Most of these quakes felt in Iloilo City. [11] A previous swarm also hit Panay on November 5, 2018 (Including Antique, Iloilo and Guimaras) ranging from magnitudes 4.0-4.8. The first earthquake (magnitude 4.7) at 7:45 A.M, occurred at San Jose ...
The strongest deep-focus earthquake in seismic record was the magnitude 8.3 Okhotsk Sea earthquake that occurred at a depth of 609 km (378 mi) in 2013. [21] The deepest earthquake ever recorded was a small 4.2 earthquake in Vanuatu at a depth of 735.8 km (457.2 mi) in 2004. [22]