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Ordered pairs of scalars are sometimes called 2-dimensional vectors. (Technically, this is an abuse of terminology since an ordered pair need not be an element of a vector space.) The entries of an ordered pair can be other ordered pairs, enabling the recursive definition of ordered n-tuples (ordered lists of n objects).
In mathematics, the graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs (,), where () =. In the common case where x {\displaystyle x} and f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} are real numbers , these pairs are Cartesian coordinates of points in a plane and often form a curve .
A directed graph or digraph is a graph in which edges have orientations. In one restricted but very common sense of the term, [5] a directed graph is an ordered pair = (,) comprising: , a set of vertices (also called nodes or points);
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points), together with a set of unordered pairs of these vertices for an undirected graph or a set of ordered pairs for a directed graph. These pairs are known as edges (also called links or lines), and for a directed graph are also known as ...
Given a set X, a relation R over X is a set of ordered pairs of elements from X, formally: R ⊆ { (x,y) | x, y ∈ X}. [2] [10] The statement (x,y) ∈ R reads "x is R-related to y" and is written in infix notation as xRy. [7] [8] The order of the elements is important; if x ≠ y then yRx can be true or false independently of xRy.
In formal terms, a directed graph is an ordered pair G = (V, A) where [1]. V is a set whose elements are called vertices, nodes, or points;; A is a set of ordered pairs of vertices, called arcs, directed edges (sometimes simply edges with the corresponding set named E instead of A), arrows, or directed lines.
A multidigraph is a directed graph which is permitted to have multiple arcs, i.e., arcs with the same source and target nodes. A multidigraph G is an ordered pair G := (V, A) with V a set of vertices or nodes, A a multiset of ordered pairs of vertices called directed edges, arcs or arrows.