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The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC), [7] Nehemiah was cup-bearer to the king. [8] Learning that the remnant of Jews in Judah were in distress and that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king for permission to return and rebuild the city, [9] around 13 years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in ca. 458 BC. [10]
In this section, Nehemiah lists the process of rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem, starting with the people working on the north wall and its gates. [9] The north side of wall would have suffered 'the brunt of most attacks on Jerusalem, for those arriving from Mesopotamia' (cf. Jeremiah 1:13–15). [5]
Still later, Levitical editors combined Ezra and Nehemiah to produce the final form of the book, reintroducing interest in Torah and stressing the primacy of the Levites. [14] Jacob Wright (2004) has carried out similar work on Nehemiah. According to his study the original "Nehemiah memoir" was an account of the rebuilding of the city walls.
With each step forward, Nehemiah faced obstacles to complete the wall, but he persevered with prayer and hard work. [16] In this section he described the plot ( verses 7 – 9 ), discouragement ( 10 ), threats and rumors ( 11–12 ) against him, but then he found his resolve ( 13–15 ) and executed his contingency plans ( 16–23 ).
The First Wall (also called The Old Wall) is one of three strong and fortified walls that were built for the defense of Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This wall was built during the Hasmonean period , but its foundations are older and were laid already in the First Temple period .
519 BC: Decree by Darius I to finish the temple. [16] 457 BC: Decree by Artaxerxes I of Persia. [17] 444 BC: Decree by Artaxerxes to Nehemiah to finish the wall at Jerusalem. [18] The decree by Artaxerxes empowered Ezra to ordain laws and to set up magistrates and judges for the restored Jewish state.
Its most famous section, known by the same name, often shortened by Jews to the Kotel or Kosel, is known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ٱلْبُرَاق, Ḥā'iṭ al-Burāq ['ħaːʔɪtˤ albʊ'raːq]). In a Jewish religious context, the term Western Wall and its variations is used in ...
The Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah between 597–586 BCE and destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem. [2] According to the Hebrew Bible, the last king of Judah, Zedekiah, was forced to watch his sons put to death, then his own eyes were put out and he was exiled to Babylon (2 Kings 25).