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Bean leaf beetle abundance increased with the increase of soybean production in the 20th century, but their spread northward was prevented by the inhospitality of northern climates. [3] The availability of soybean is the primary constraint for the beetles, so the beetles can’t live in an area that doesn’t have soybeans. [3]
The bean weevils or seed beetles are a subfamily (Bruchinae) of beetles, now placed in the family Chrysomelidae, though they have historically been treated as a separate family. They are granivores, and typically infest various kinds of seeds or beans, living most of their lives inside a single seed. The subfamily includes about 1,650 species ...
Acceleron Seed Treatment system is a seed coating that protects from insects as well as mold, mildew, and disease. It was developed and patented by Monsanto . The Acceleron Seed Treatment System is available for Genuity Roundup Ready 2 yield soybeans and Smartstax seeds.
Soybeans are grown all over the world and are a primary source of vegetable oil and protein. [1] Approximately 40% of the world's supply of vegetable oil comes from soybeans. [1] Therefore, it is important to guarantee a successful soybean crop every growing season. Bacterial blight can be found in most soybean fields every year in the Midwest. [2]
The fruit pods develop a callus when attacked, by the beetle, and this growth is mediated by bruchins, compounds so far known only from seed-beetles. [1] These beetles are univoltine, producing one generation per year. [1] The female lays eggs on the fruit pod of its host legume in spring and summer, and the larva enters a seed to develop.
Tioxazafen [ISO] is a seed treatment nematicide developed by Monsanto to provide consistent broad-spectrum control of nematodes in corn, soy, and cotton. Its structure has a disubstituted oxadiazole skeleton, representing a new class of nematicides.
Pediobius foveolatus (Fig. 1 and 3), is a tiny exotic parasitoid wasp that is used for biological control of Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis (Fig. 2), an important insect pest of snap beans, lima beans, and sometimes soybeans mainly found at economic levels in the eastern United States.
For soybeans, neonicotinoid seed treatments typically are not effective against the soybean aphid, because the compounds break down 35–42 days after planting, and soybean aphids typically are not present or at damaging population levels before this time.