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[18] [19] Risk factors for complication development include multiparity, increased BMI, physically strenuous work, smoking, distress, history of back and pelvic trauma, and previous history of pelvic and lower back pain. This syndrome results from a growing uterus during pregnancy that causes increased stress on the lumbar and pelvic regions of ...
Grand multiparity is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. [12] Like gravidity, parity may also be counted. A female who has given birth one or more times can also be referred to as para 1, para 2, para 3, and so on. Viable gestational age varies from region to region.
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal.This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors.
Multiparity [10] Multiple pregnancy [10] Maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 35 are at greater risk; Risk factors for placental abruption include disease, trauma, history, anatomy, and exposure to substances. The risk of placental abruption increases sixfold after severe maternal trauma.
Women who have had previous pregnancies (multiparity), especially a large number of closely spaced pregnancies, are at higher risk due to uterine damage. [10] Smoking during pregnancy; [15] cocaine use during pregnancy [16] [17] Women with a large placentae from twins or erythroblastosis are at higher risk.
Multiparity: giving birth to previous LGA infants vs. non-LGA infants [8] Frozen embryo transfer as fertility treatment, as compared with fresh embryo transfer or no artificial assistance [27] [28] Maternal gut microbiome: A correlation has been identified between the maternal gut microbiome and macrosomia in recent research.
The first sign of umbilical cord prolapse is usually a sudden and severe decrease in fetal heart rate that does not immediately resolve. On fetal heart tracing (a linear recording of the fetal heart rate) this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. [6]
Fetal viability is the ability of a human fetus to survive outside the uterus.Viability depends upon factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and the availability of advanced medical care.