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This lack of a cure or vaccine is a definite problem in the equine industry, especially in developing countries where equines are highly valuable for both agriculture and transportation. [5] Dourine is considered an endemic problem in developing countries, where over sixty percent of equines in the world are located. [ 4 ]
The Belgian Draft Horse is one breed in which JEB occurs Junctional epidermolysis bullosa ( JEB ) is an inherited disorder that is also known as red foot disease or hairless foal syndrome . [ 1 ] JEB is the result of a genetic mutation that inhibits protein production that is essential for skin adhesion. [ 2 ]
Clinical signs include cute small lesions, no bigger than 2 mm in diameter around the vulva in mares, and on the sheath in stallions. The small bumps blister and then rupture, leaving raw, ulcerated, painful sores. [1] While the majority of the symptoms are external, the presence of the virus can cause small and large plaque variants in tissues ...
Grass sickness, alternatively termed equine dysautonomia, is a rare but predominantly fatal illness in horses. Grass sickness may affect all types of horse, pony and donkey , and has affected some well known horses including the thoroughbred stallions Dubai Millennium , Moorestyle and Mister Baileys .
However, any horse that can store excess amounts of glycogen, usually genetic, can develop this form of ER. [1] Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (RER) is commonly found in breeds that are high strung such as Arabians and thoroughbreds. However, any horse can develop this type of ER if it displays abnormal muscle contractions. [1]
Initial signs include thickening, crusting and folding of the skin. [7] These early signs may be hidden by the long hair ( feather ) on the horse's lower legs. [ 6 ] Affected areas are itchy, causing the horse to stamp its feet and rub its legs, and painful, so that the horse may be reluctant to allow its legs to be touched. [ 4 ]
Mature horses appear to develop a certain degree of resistance to this parasite, but it is a concern for younger horses up to about two years old. [4] P. equorum is one of the few parasites where a natural immunity develops in the host. [3] However, when an infection is found in an adult horse, both the worm and egg counts are substantially low ...
Horses that develop purpura haemorrhagica usually have a recent history of strangles (infection with Streptococcus equi subsp. equi) or vaccination (intramuscular or intranasal) for strangles. It is thought to be caused by an auto-immune reaction where antibodies against the S. equi M- or R-protein cross-react with proteins on endothelial cells .