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Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull.
He established a theory of human migration in the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern migration theory. The following was a standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the 1880s. The theories are as follows: Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
Symbolic interactionism is a "micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions". [11] This theory, as opposed to macrosociology, is focused on how face-to-face interactions create the social world.
Stouffer theorises that the amount of migration over a given distance is directly proportional to the number of opportunities at the place of destination, and inversely proportional to the number of opportunities between the place of departure and the place of destination. These intervening opportunities may persuade a migrant to settle in a ...
In demography, replacement migration is a theory of migration needed for a region to achieve a particular objective (demographic, economic or social). [1] Generally, studies using this concept have as an objective to avoid the decline of total population and the decline of the working-age population.
The gravity model of migration is a model in urban geography derived from Newton's law of gravity, and used to predict the degree of migration interaction between two places. [1] In 1941, astrophysicist John Q. Stewart [ 2 ] applied Newton's law to the social sciences, establishing a theoretical foundation for the field of social physics.
The Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition, [1] also known as the Migration Transition Model or Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model, claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on its development level and its society type. It connects migration to the stages within the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).