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Apixaban is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, and reversible direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound factor Xa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the final enzyme in the coagulation cascade that is responsible for fibrin clot formation. [ 27 ]
The structure of apixaban, before adjusting the moiety's for maximum potency. Apixaban. The 13F moiety intermediate before apixaban was fully developed. During the SAR development of apixaban there were three groups that needed to be tested to attain maximum potency and bioavailability.
The accumulation ratio of a specific drug in humans is determined by clinical studies.According to a 2013 analysis, such studies are typically done with 10 to 20 subjects who are given one single dose followed by a washout phase of seven days (), and then seven to 14 repeated doses to reach steady state conditions.
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
In pharmacology, augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon where certain critically ill patients may display increased clearance of a medication through the kidneys. In many cases, it is observed as a measured creatinine clearance above that which is expected given the patient's age, gender, and other factors.
A kardex (plural kardexes) is a genericised trademark for a medication administration record. [2] The term is common in Ireland and the United Kingdom.In the Philippines, the term is used to refer the old census charts of the charge nurse usually used during endorsement, in which index cards are used, but has been gradually been replaced by modern health data systems and pre-printed charts and ...
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a reason why hemodialysis initiation should be done gradually, i.e. it is a reason why the first few dialysis sessions are shorter and less aggressive than the typical dialysis treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. [citation needed]
This is a list of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions, including hospital orders (the patient-directed part of which is referred to as sig codes).This list does not include abbreviations for pharmaceuticals or drug name suffixes such as CD, CR, ER, XT (See Time release technology § List of abbreviations for those).