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Like other caesium atomic clocks, the clock keeps time by a precise 9.192631770 GHz microwave signal emitted by electron spin transitions between two hyperfine energy levels in atoms of caesium-133. A feedback mechanism keeps a quartz crystal oscillator on the chip locked to this frequency, which is divided down by digital counters to give 10 ...
This led to the first practical accurate atomic clock with caesium atoms being built at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom in 1955 [12] [13] by Louis Essen in collaboration with Jack Parry. [14] A caesium atomic clock from 1975 (upper unit) and battery backup (lower unit) [15]
The clock took fewer than four years to test and build, and was developed by Steve Jefferts and Dawn Meekhof of the Time and Frequency Division of NIST's Physical Measurement Laboratory. [1] The clock replaced NIST-7, a cesium beam atomic clock used from 1993 to 1999. NIST-F1 is ten times more accurate than NIST-7.
18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks Cs, H National Institute of Information and Communications Technology; Koganei, ...
Caesium is widely used in highly accurate atomic clocks. ... The price of 99.8% pure caesium (metal basis) in 2009 was about $10 per gram ($280/oz), but the compounds ...
The first caesium clock was built by Louis Essen in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK [1] and promoted worldwide by Gernot M. R. Winkler of the United States Naval Observatory. Caesium atomic clocks are one of the most accurate time and frequency standards, and serve as the primary standard for the definition of the second in ...
NIST physicists Steve Jefferts (foreground) and Tom Heavner with the NIST-F2 cesium fountain atomic clock, a civilian time standard for the United States. NIST-F2 is a caesium fountain atomic clock that, along with NIST-F1, serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. [1] NIST-F2 was brought online on 3 April 2014. [1] [2]
Optical cesium atomic clocks - Oscilloquartz has developed optical cesium atomic clocks that are more stable and accurate than magnetic cesium-based solutions and exceed the current ITU-T G.811.1 enhanced primary reference clock (ePRC) specification. The current highest-end clocks in this range combine with core grandmaster devices to provide ...
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