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The activity of soil is the ratio of the plasticity index to the clay size fraction. If activity is less than 0.75, the soil is inactive. If activity exceeds 1.4, then the soil is termed active. If activity lies within the above values, then the soil will be moderately active. [10]
Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (), or thallium. [1] As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH 4) 2 Ni(SO 4) 2 · 6 H 2 O, can be called nickelboussingaultite. [2]
Nickel ions can act as a cation in salts with many acids, including common oxoacids. Salts of the hexaaqua ion (Ni · 6 H 2 O 2+) are especially well known. Many double salts containing nickel with another cation are known. There are organic acid salts. Nickel can be part of a negatively charged ion (anion) making what is called a nickellate.
The reagent used is ammonium sulfide or Na 2 S 0.1 M added to the ammonia/ammonium chloride solution used to detect group 3 cations. It includes: Zn 2+, Ni 2+, Co 2+, and Mn 2+. Zinc will form a white precipitate, nickel and cobalt a black precipitate and manganese a brick/flesh colored precipitate.
The nickel organic acid salts are organic acid salts of nickel. In many of these the ionised organic acid acts as a ligand. Nickel acetate has the formula (CH 3 COO) 2 Ni·4H 2 O. It has monodentate acetate and hydrogen bonding. A dihydrate also exists. Nickel acetate is used to seal anodised aluminium. [1]
Soil resistance, a related term refers to the ability of soil to resist changes or the extent to which a soil will recover from any cropping or management change. The term is distinct from Soil resilience as resistance is the inherent capacity to withstand disturbance, while resilience is the capacity to recover after disturbance. [1] [2]
Salt Lake City, UT. Cities that made the biggest gains. Virginia Beach, VA: No. 13 in 2025, up 23 spots from 2024. Oklahoma City, OK: No. 17 in 2025, up 21 spots from 2024.
The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil. This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling test performed worldwide. The test procedure is described in ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 [1] and Australian Standards AS ...