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Various units of speech have been used as a basis for measurement. The traditional measure of speed in typing and Morse code transmission has been words per minute (wpm). However, in the study of speech the word is not well defined (being primarily a unit of grammar), and speech is not usually temporally stable over a period as long as a minute ...
An example of an agglutinative language, the average rate of Turkish speech is reported to be about 220 syllables per minute. When the time spent for the silent parts of speech are removed, the so-called average articulation rate reaches 310 syllables per minute. [21] The average number of syllables per (written) word has been measured as 2.6.
In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition. [8] In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate" and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm respectively.
For example, a tempo of 60 beats per minute signifies one beat per second, while a tempo of 120 beats per minute is twice as rapid, signifying two beats every second. The note value of a beat will typically be that indicated by the denominator of the time signature. For instance, in 4 4 time, the beat will be a crotchet, or quarter note.
Speech Transmission Index (STI) is a measure of speech transmission quality. The absolute measurement of speech intelligibility is a complex science. The STI measures some physical characteristics of a transmission channel (a room, electro-acoustic equipment, telephone line, etc.), and expresses the ability of the channel to carry across the characteristics of a speech signal.
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For example, while sound travels at 343 m/s in air, it travels at 1481 m/s in water (almost 4.3 times as fast) and at 5120 m/s in iron (almost 15 times as fast). In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond , sound travels at 12,000 m/s (39,370 ft/s), [ 2 ] – about 35 times its speed in air and about the fastest it can travel under ...
From January 2008 to April 2009, if you bought shares in companies when William R. Howell joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -37.8 percent return on your investment, compared to a -41.7 percent return from the S&P 500.