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The First War of Scottish Independence between England and Scotland began in 1296, when Edward I of England (r. 1272–1307) stormed and sacked the Scottish border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed as a prelude to his invasion of Scotland. [1] More than 32 years of warfare followed, [2] with Berwick being recaptured by the Scots in 1318. [3]
The siege of Berwick lasted four months in 1333 and resulted in the Scottish-held town of Berwick-upon-Tweed being captured by an English army commanded by King Edward III (r. 1327–1377 ). The year before, Edward Balliol had seized the Scottish Crown , surreptitiously supported by Edward III.
The siege of Berwick was an event in the First War of Scottish Independence which took place in April 1318. Sir James Douglas, Lord of Douglas took the town and castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed from the English, who had controlled the town since 1296.
Berwick is referenced to be called "Alexandria of the North". Estimates also show that Berwick was, if not the most, one of the most populated towns in Scotland. [ 10 ] Its garrison was commanded by William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas , while the besieging party was led by Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford .
England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War.
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Capture of Berwick or Siege of Berwick may refer to: Capture of Berwick (1296) (Sack of Berwick) Siege of Berwick (1318) Siege of Berwick (1333) Sieges of Berwick (1355 and 1356) Capture of Berwick (1482)
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