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Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. [1] [2] Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area.
In ecology, extinction is sometimes used informally to refer to local extinction, in which a species ceases to exist in the chosen area of study, despite still existing elsewhere. Local extinctions may be made good by the reintroduction of individuals of that species taken from other locations; wolf reintroduction is an example
Permian–Triassic extinction event 252 Ma Large igneous province (LIP) eruptions [ 23 ] from the Siberian Traps , [ 24 ] an impact event (the Wilkes Land Crater ), [ 25 ] an Anoxic event , [ 26 ] an Ice age , [ 27 ] or other possible causes
Defaunation is the global, local, or functional extinction of animal populations or species from ecological communities. [4] The growth of the human population , combined with advances in harvesting technologies, has led to more intense and efficient exploitation of the environment. [ 5 ]
Both climate warming and cooling can cause range shifts and local extinction of animals, but quantitative evidence is rare due to the lack of long-term spatial-temporal data. In [47] Extreme temperature change was negatively associated with increased local extinction of mammals such as the gibbon, macaque, tiger, and water deer. Researchers ...
The reasons for extinction range from natural occurrences, such as shifts in the Earth's ecosystem or natural disasters, to human influences on nature by the overuse of natural resources, hunting and destruction of natural habitats.
Extinction can be caused due to non-native species being introduced that become invasive. An example of how this may happen is through by-catch.These new species will outcompete the native species and take over, therefore causing the local or global extinction of a species. [32]
The largest extinction was the Kellwasser Event (Frasnian-Famennian, or F-F, 372 Ma), an extinction event at the end of the Frasnian, about midway through the Late Devonian. This extinction annihilated coral reefs and numerous tropical benthic (seabed-living) animals such as jawless fish, brachiopods, and trilobites.