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Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane coupled to energy conservation by microbes known as methanogens. It is the fourth and final stage of anaerobic digestion .
Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their energy metabolism, i.e., catabolism.Methane production, or methanogenesis, is the only biochemical pathway for ATP generation in methanogens.
Biological methanation contains the principle of the so-called methanogenesis, a specific, anaerobic metabolic pathway where hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted into methane. By analogy with the biological process, a chemical-catalytic process, also known as Sabatier reaction , exists.
The exact mechanism is still a topic of debate but the most widely accepted theory is that the archaea use the reversed methanogenesis pathway to produce carbon dioxide and another, unknown intermediate, which is then used by the sulfate-reducing bacteria to gain energy from the reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide and water.
Methanosarcina is a genus of euryarchaeote archaea that produce methane. These single-celled organisms are known as anaerobic methanogens that produce methane using all three metabolic pathways for methanogenesis. They live in diverse environments where they can remain safe from the effects of oxygen, whether on the earth's surface, in ...
ANME's are very closely related to methanogenic archaea and recent investigations suggest that AOM is an enzymatic reversal of methanogenesis. [8] It is still poorly understood how the syntrophic partners interact and which intermediates are exchanged between the archaeal and bacterial cell. The research on AOM is hindered by the fact that the ...
Methanobrevibacter smithii is an anaerobic archaea which enjoys colonizing the colon and rectum thanks to its anaerobic environment, optimal pH (6.5-7), and slow transit time. [4] [5] M. smithii is the most common methanogenic archaeon in the human gut microbiota.
Methanococcus maripaludis is a species of methanogenic archaea found in marine environments, predominantly salt marshes. [1] M. maripaludis is a non-pathogenic, gram-negative, weakly motile, non-spore-forming, and strictly anaerobic mesophile. [2]