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If the carbon dioxide is captured and stored, the hydrogen produced is known as blue hydrogen. Steam methane reforming (SMR) produces hydrogen from natural gas, mostly methane (CH 4), and water. It is the cheapest source of industrial hydrogen, being the source of nearly 50% of the world's hydrogen. [34]
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is often hydrogen production , although syngas has multiple other uses such as production of ammonia or methanol .
Hydrogen is combined with CO 2 from the atmosphere, with methane then stored as fuel and the water side product electrolyzed yielding oxygen to be liquefied and stored as oxidizer and hydrogen to be recycled back into the reactor. The original hydrogen could be transported from Earth or separated from Martian sources of water. [22] [23]
If methane is detected (by using a spectrometer for example) this may indicate that life is, or recently was, present. This was debated [25] when methane was discovered in the Martian atmosphere by M.J. Mumma of NASA's Goddard Flight Center, and verified by the Mars Express Orbiter (2004) [26] and in Titan's atmosphere by the Huygens probe ...
In this context, hydrogen economy encompasses the production of hydrogen and the use of hydrogen in ways that contribute to phasing-out fossil fuels and limiting climate change. Hydrogen can be produced by several means. Most hydrogen produced today is gray hydrogen, made from natural gas through steam methane reforming (SMR).
Methane (US: / ˈ m ɛ θ eɪ n / METH-ayn, UK: / ˈ m iː θ eɪ n / MEE-thayn) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH 4 (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas.
The major source of hydrogen is methane. Steam reforming of natural gas extracts hydrogen from methane in a high-temperature and pressure tube inside a reformer with a nickel catalyst. Other fossil fuel sources include coal, heavy fuel oil and naphtha.
A third option is to combine the hydrogen via electrolysis with a source of carbon (either carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide from biogas, from industrial processes or via direct air-captured carbon dioxide) via biomethanation, [152] [153] where biomethanogens (archaea) consume carbon dioxide and hydrogen and produce methane within an anaerobic ...