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The rank of coal is correlated with its geologic history, as described in Hilt's law. In the ASTM system, any coal with more than 69% fixed carbon is classified by its content of carbon and volatiles. Coal with less than 69% fixed carbon is classified by its heating value. Volatiles and carbon are on a dry mineral free base; heating value is ...
ASTM D874: Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives; ASTM D3174: Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal; ISO 1171: Solid mineral fuels — Determination of ash; ISO 18122: Solid biofuels — Determination of ash content; ASTM D1102: Standard Test Method for Ash in Wood;
In industry, the standard proximates are: [2] [3] [4] Moisture content; Volatile matter; Ash content; Fixed carbon; Carbohydrates (calculated) Analytically, four of the five constituents are obtained via chemical reactions and experiments. The fifth constituent, carbohydrates, are calculated based on the determination of the four others.
Chemical composition of the coal is defined in terms of its proximate and ultimate (elemental) analyses. The parameters of proximate analysis are moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Elemental or ultimate analysis encompasses the quantitative determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen within the coal.
ISO 157:1996 Coal — Determination of forms of sulfur; ISO/R 158:1960 Coal — Determination of ash [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 1171] ISO/R 159:1960 Coal — Determination of total sulfur by the Strambi method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 160:1980 Asbestos-cement pressure pipes and joints [Withdrawn without replacement]
Grindability is an index, therefore it has no unit. The smaller the HGI, the harder is coal texture and less grindable is the coal. Grindability is an important factor for the design a coal mill. As grindability depends on many unknown factors, HGI is determined empirically using a sample mill according to the following procedure:
Liberation data is commonly obtained by float and sink analysis. The procedures for this analysis are detailed in Australian Standard AS 4156.1 – 1994 "Coal preparation — Higher rank coal — Float and sink testing". [citation needed]
Although most coal operations can obtain this information about coal quality by taking physical samples, preparing the samples, and analyzing them with laboratory equipment, these processes often involve a time lag of up to 24 hours from gathering the sample to final analysis results. In contrast, coal analyzers provide analysis information ...