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Bromism is the syndrome which results from the long-term consumption of bromine, usually through bromine-based sedatives such as potassium bromide and lithium bromide. Bromism was once a very common disorder, being responsible for 5 to 10% of psychiatric hospital admissions, but is now uncommon since bromide was withdrawn from clinical use in ...
It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant– alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause permanent or reversible damage to nervous tissue. [1] This can eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, which are cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other ...
Some common organic solvents known to cause CSE include formaldehyde, acetates, and alcohols. [citation needed] Exposure to solvents can occur by inhalation, ingestion, or direct absorption through the skin. Of the three, inhalation is the most common form of exposure, with the solvent able to rapidly pass through lung membranes and then into ...
Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis [14] but can also include glial cell damage. [15] Macroscopic manifestations of neurotoxin exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, [5] persistent memory impairments, [16] epilepsy, and dementia. [17]
An abrupt stop of pulmonary gas exchange lasting for more than five minutes may permanently damage vital organs, especially the brain. Lack of oxygen to the brain causes loss of consciousness. Brain injury is likely if respiratory arrest goes untreated for more than three minutes, and death is almost certain if more than five minutes.
Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
Oxford's word of the year is "brain rot," describing the impact of overconsumption of online content. Two doctors discuss the science behind the dangerous activity and how to prevent it.
Chlorine is a strong oxidizing element causing the hydrogen to split from water in moist tissue, resulting in nascent oxygen and hydrogen chloride that cause corrosive tissue damage. Additionally oxidation of chlorine may form hypochlorous acid , which can penetrate cells and react with cytoplasmic proteins destroying cell structure.