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The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. [1] It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum . It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing . [ 2 ]
Upon decussation (crossing over) from one side of the medulla to the other, also known as the sensory decussation, they are then called the medial lemniscus. The internal arcuate fibers are part of the second-order neurons of the posterior column-medial lemniscus system , and are important for relaying the sensation of fine touch and ...
Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the spinal cord and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body. Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus , among others.
They arise from the cells of the gracile and cuneate nuclei, and pass forward through the reticular formation to decussate (cross over to the other side) in the middle line. Most of them reach the surface by way of the anterior median fissure , and arch backward over the pyramid, the olive, and the lateral district of the medulla oblongata to ...
The figure shows the cross section of the closed medulla at the level of the sensory decussation. Number 9 illustrates the sensory decussation at the posterior column. At the level of the closed medulla in the posterior white column , two large nuclei namely the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus can be found.
The cerebellorubral fibers cross over at this point to enter the contralateral red nucleus. The dentatothalamic fibers also cross over and ascend to synapse in the ventral intermediate, and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus. The fastigioreticular fibers enter the reticular formation of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The olivocerebellar tract, also known as olivocerebellar fibers, are neural fibers which originate at the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphe nucleus, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere ...
The medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe nucleus) is one of the vestibular nuclei.It is located in the medulla oblongata.. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus “Deiters”)- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). ..