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Water pouring puzzles (also called water jug problems, decanting problems, [1] [2] measuring puzzles, or Die Hard with a Vengeance puzzles) are a class of puzzle involving a finite collection of water jugs of known integer capacities (in terms of a liquid measure such as liters or gallons). Initially each jug contains a known integer volume of ...
The complexity of contemporary problems exceeds the cognitive capacity of any individual and requires different but complementary varieties of expertise and collective problem solving ability. [ 81 ] Collective intelligence is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration , collective efforts, and competition of many individuals.
"Capacity for logical thought, reflection, explanation and justification." [ 2 ] "The ability of an agent to intelligently adapt its behavior, both short-term and long-term in response to the changing needs of its problem-solving situation" [ 3 ]
Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve novel reasoning problems and is correlated with a number of important skills such as comprehension, problem-solving, and learning. [4] Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to deduce secondary relational abstractions by applying previously learned primary relational ...
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. [1] ... such as reading comprehension, problem solving, ...
It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Examples include the verbal, spatial, psychomotor, and processing-speed ability." [4] Cognition mainly refers to things like memory, speech, and the ability to learn new information.
He suggests problem solving by means-ends analysis requires a relatively large amount of cognitive processing capacity, which may not be devoted to schema construction. Sweller suggested that instructional designers should prevent this unnecessary cognitive load by designing instructional materials which do not involve problem solving.
The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of items numbered from 1 up to , each with a weight and a value , along with a maximum weight capacity ,