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  2. Inductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning

    Inductive reasoning is any of various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations. [1] [2] This article is concerned with the inductive reasoning other than deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain given the premises are correct; in contrast, the truth of the ...

  3. Problem of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_induction

    While deductive logic allows one to arrive at a conclusion with certainty, inductive logic can only provide a conclusion that is probably true. [non-primary source needed] It is mistaken to frame the difference between deductive and inductive logic as one between general to specific reasoning and specific to general reasoning. This is a common ...

  4. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    This theory of deductive reasoning – also known as term logic – was developed by Aristotle, but was superseded by propositional (sentential) logic and predicate logic. [citation needed] Deductive reasoning can be contrasted with inductive reasoning, in regards to validity and soundness. In cases of inductive reasoning, even though the ...

  5. Inductivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductivism

    A natural deductive reasoning form is logically valid without postulates and true by simply the principle of nonselfcontradiction. "Denying the consequent" is a natural deduction—If A, then B; not B, so not A—whereby one can logically disconfirm the hypothesis A. Thus, there also is eliminative induction, using this

  6. Logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

    But even arguments that are not deductively valid may still be good arguments because their premises offer non-deductive support to their conclusions. For such cases, the term ampliative or inductive reasoning is used. [63] Deductive arguments are associated with formal logic in contrast to the relation between ampliative arguments and informal ...

  7. Philosophy of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic

    An inductive inference involves particular propositions as premises, which are used to infer either one more particular proposition or a generalization as the conclusion. [5] [67] Deductive inferences are the paradigmatic form of inference and are the main focus of logic. But many inferences drawn in the empirical sciences and in everyday ...

  8. Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

    A subdivision of philosophy and a variety of reasoning is logic. The traditional main division made in philosophy is between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Formal logic has been described as the science of deduction. [65] The study of inductive reasoning is generally carried out within the field known as informal logic or critical ...

  9. Inductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductionism

    It is noted that no law of science can be considered mere inductive generalization of facts because each law does not exist in isolation. [8] This is for, instance, demonstrated by thinkers such as John Stuart Mill, who maintained that inductionism is the initial act in the formulation of a general law using the deductive approaches to science. [9]