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Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is an abnormality in the lungs characterized by excessive collagen deposition within the walls of the air sacs (interstitial fibrosis). This abnormality can be seen with a microscope and diagnosed by pathologists. It is caused by cigarette smoking. [1] [2]
When associated with disease, it is known as "Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease" or "RB-ILD". [4] Also, this disease is predominantly found in the upper lobe with centrilobar ground glass nodules. Importantly, no fibrosis is involved, just bronchial wall thickening. Treatment is to stop smoking.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath , a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing . [ 1 ] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension , respiratory failure , pneumothorax , and lung cancer .
The median survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is 3-3.5 years. In those who receive a lung transplant, the medial survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is 5.2 years, as compared to 6.7 years in those with other types of ILD. [8] ILD is associated with a 3-fold increased risk of lung cancer. [8]
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) synonymous with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis [5] is a rare, progressive illness of the respiratory system, characterized by the thickening and stiffening of lung tissue, associated with the formation of scar tissue.
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), or noninfectious pneumonia [1] are a class of diffuse lung diseases. These diseases typically affect the pulmonary interstitium, although some also have a component affecting the airways (for instance, cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis). There are seven recognized distinct subtypes of IIP. [2]
Differential diagnosis includes non-specific interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonia. DIP is primarily treated by quitting smoking, but it may not be enough in all cases.
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.