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  2. Causal loop diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_loop_diagram

    The diagram consists of a set of words and arrows. Causal loop diagrams are accompanied by a narrative which describes the causally closed situation the CLD describes. Closed loops, or causal feedback loops, in the diagram are very important features of CLDs because they may help identify non-obvious vicious circles and virtuous circles.

  3. Causal graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_graph

    Figure 1: Unidentified model with latent variables (and ) shown explicitly Figure 2: Unidentified model with latent variables summarized. Figure 1 is a causal graph that represents this model specification. Each variable in the model has a corresponding node or vertex in the graph.

  4. Causal model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_model

    Judea Pearl defines a causal model as an ordered triple ,, , where U is a set of exogenous variables whose values are determined by factors outside the model; V is a set of endogenous variables whose values are determined by factors within the model; and E is a set of structural equations that express the value of each endogenous variable as a function of the values of the other variables in U ...

  5. Causal notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_notation

    A causal diagram consists of a set of nodes which may or may not be interlinked by arrows. Arrows between nodes denote causal relationships with the arrow pointing from the cause to the effect. There exist several forms of causal diagrams including Ishikawa diagrams, directed acyclic graphs, causal loop diagrams, [10] and why-because graphs (WBGs

  6. System dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics

    Causal loop diagram of a model examining the growth or decline of a life insurance company. [15] The figure above is a causal loop diagram of a system dynamics model created to examine forces that may be responsible for the growth or decline of life insurance companies in the United Kingdom. A number of this figure's features are worth mentioning.

  7. Category:Causal diagrams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Causal_diagrams

    Causal pie model; Cause–effect graph; I. ... Causal loop diagram; W. Why–because analysis This page was last edited on 1 June 2023, at 22:22 (UTC). ...

  8. 'Large number' of Americans' metadata stolen by Chinese ...

    www.aol.com/news/large-number-americans-metadata...

    WASHINGTON (Reuters) -A large number of Americans' metadata has been stolen in the sweeping cyberespionage campaign carried out by a Chinese hacking group dubbed "Salt Typhoon," a senior U.S ...

  9. Growth and underinvestment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_and_underinvestment

    A causal loop diagram of growth and underinvestment The growth and underinvestment archetype is one of the common system archetype patterns defined as part of the system dynamics discipline. System dynamics is an approach which strives to understand, describe and optimize nonlinear behaviors of complex systems over time, using tools such as ...