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Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula H N O 3.It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. [6] The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen.
In cell biology, ion trapping is the build-up of a higher concentration of a chemical across a cell membrane due to the pKa value of the chemical and difference of pH across the cell membrane. [1] [2] This results in basic chemicals accumulating in acidic bodily fluids such as the cytosol, and acidic chemicals accumulating in basic fluids.
If this counter-electromotive force is increased, the cell becomes an electrolytic cell, and if it is decreased, the cell becomes a galvanic cell. [4]: 354 An electrolytic cell has three components: an electrolyte and two electrodes (a cathode and an anode). The electrolyte is usually a solution of water or other solvents in which ions are ...
Electrolytes may enter or leave the cell membrane through specialized protein structures embedded in the plasma membrane called "ion channels". For example, muscle contraction is dependent upon the presence of calcium (Ca 2+), sodium (Na +), and potassium (K +). Without sufficient levels of these key electrolytes, muscle weakness or severe ...
NKA is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and an inorganic phosphate; for every molecule of ATP hydrolized, three Na + are transported outside and two K + are transported inside the cell. This makes the inside of the cell more negative than the outside and more specifically generates a membrane potential V membrane of about −60 mV. [5]
The cation of the indicator electrolyte should not move faster than the cation whose transport number is to be determined, and it should have same anion as the principle electrolyte. Besides the principal electrolyte (e.g., HCl) is kept light so that it floats on indicator electrolyte.
Donnan equilibrium across a cell membrane (schematic). The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. [1]
Non-electrolytes, substances that generally are hydrophobic and lipophilic, usually pass through the membrane by dissolution in the lipid bilayer, and therefore, by passive diffusion. For those non-electrolytes whose transport through the membrane is mediated by a transport protein the ability to diffuse is, generally, dependent on the ...